NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of allowing instruction primarily in a student's first language with supplemental instruction in a second language?

1. Subtractive bilingualism

2. Transitional bilingual education

3. Content-based instruction

4. Maintenance bilingual education

The correct answer is: Transitional bilingual education

Transitional bilingual education is the practice focused on providing initial instruction mainly in a student's first language while gradually incorporating the second language over time. This approach is designed to support students as they transition from their native language to proficiency in a new language, facilitating understanding and learning in a familiar linguistic context before they are expected to perform primarily in the second language. This method recognizes the importance of a student's first language as a resource for learning and helps prevent academic deficits that may arise when students are immersed in a new language without adequate support. The other terms signify different educational approaches. For instance, subtractive bilingualism involves a scenario where the first language is diminished or replaced by the second language, leading to potential language loss. Content-based instruction focuses on teaching subjects through a second language rather than primarily supporting the first language. Maintenance bilingual education, on the other hand, aims to develop proficiency in both the first and second languages without the goal of transitioning predominantly to the second language.